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The archaeological site and Museum of Prehistoric Housing of Poliochni is located to the east of the island, near the village of Kaminia, and brings together many important discoveries of prehistoric times. Also, in the area of the Shallow Waters, at the homonymous ancient city, is located the archaeological site of prehistoric Myrina.

Northeast, near the village Kontopouli, is the archaeological site of Hephaestia, the largest and oldest ancient city of Lemnos. There has been discovered a sanctuary dedicated to the Great Goddess Lemnos, necropolis, baths, a large building, wells, theatre of the Hellenistic period, many houses, a sanctuary and a large burnt necropolis.

To the northeast of the island is the sanctuary of Kaveires and the cave of Philoctetes, as well. The Kaveiria Mysteries, during which fertility and rebirth of nature were celebrated with animal sacrifices, libations, prayers and offerings, were dedicated to the Kaveires. The most important event was the celebration of Porphyria, during which the discovery of fire was enlivened. According to tradition, the god Hephaestus discovered the fire on the island of Lemnos. The legend says that Philoctetes had beeb bitten by a snake, causing his foot to give off an unbearable stench, and he healed with the help of Lemnian Earth.